müssen
must / to have to
müssen means must / to have to.
Use müssen for strong obligation or necessity: taking medicine, going to the doctor, resting.
We use the present tense to talk about what a patient can or is able to do right now.
| Person | Context | müssen |
|---|---|---|
| ich | I | muss |
| du | you (one person, informal) | musst |
| er/sie/es | he / she / it | muss |
| wir | we | müssen |
| ihr | you (several people, informal) | müsst |
| sie/Sie | they / you (formal, one or more people) | müssen |
German has three ways to say you:
- du – informal, one person
- ihr – informal, several people
- Sie – formal, one or more people (always capitalised when it means “you”)
The word sie (lowercase) can also mean she or they. Context and the verb form tell them apart:
- sie ist = she is
- sie sind = they are
- Sie sind = you are (formal)
Clinical register: In medical practice, use Sie with patients. Du/ihr are for colleagues, friends, or family.
Medical examples with the three you forms:
- Du musst zum Arzt gehen
You (informal, one person) must / have to go to the doctor - Ihr müsst zum Arzt gehen
You (informal, several people) must / have to go to the doctor - Sie müssen zum Arzt gehen
You (formal) must / have to go to the doctor
- zum Arzt gehen – go to the doctor
- die Tablette nehmen – take the tablet
- viel Wasser trinken – drink a lot of water
- im Bett bleiben – stay in bed
- Affirmative: Ich muss zum Arzt gehen.
I must / have to go to the doctor - Negative: Du musst die Tablette nicht nehmen.
You (informal, one person) do not have to take the tablet - Affirmative: Der Patient muss viel Wasser trinken.
The patient has to drink a lot of water - Affirmative: Sie müssen im Bett bleiben.
You (formal) must / have to stay in bed - Question: Musst du zum Arzt gehen?
Do you (informal, one person) have to go to the doctor? - Negative: Wir müssen die Tablette nicht nehmen.
We do not have to take the tablet
- Conjugation — type the correct form for each person.
- Multiple choice — pick the verb that fits the sentence.
- Fill in the blank — type the missing modal form.
- Reorder — put the words in correct German order (modal in position 2, infinitive at the end).
- Dialogue — fill in the missing verb at the start of a doctor-patient question.
- Error correction — find and fix the wrong verb form.
- Translate — write the German sentence from English.
- Match — pair persons with forms or verbs with meanings.
Translate to German: You (formal) must / have to go to the doctor
Show answer
Sie müssen zum Arzt gehen.
Translate to German: You (informal, one person) do not have to take the tablet
Show answer
Du musst die Tablette nicht nehmen.
Ask the question in German: Do you (informal, one person) have to drink a lot of water?
Show answer
Musst du viel Wasser trinken?
Put the words in the correct order: Patient / Bett / Der / im / bleiben / muss
Show answer
Der Patient muss im Bett bleiben
- Meaning: müssen means must / to have to.
- Key forms: Present forms of müssen: ich muss, du musst, er/sie/es muss, wir müssen, ihr müsst, sie/Sie müssen.
- Word order: Subject + modal verb (conjugated) + main verb at the end.
- Register: Use Sie with patients; du/ihr with peers, friends or family.
Practice this verb with exercises, or take a mixed test with all verbs.