Learn how to talk about actions you do to yourself in German - essential for daily routines and personal activities
Reflexive verbs refer to an action that a person is doing to himself or herself.
Examples in English are:
Reflexive verbs are more frequent in German than in English. They often refer to daily activities, so they are very useful when you want to talk, for instance, about your daily routine.
Here are some frequently used reflexive verbs in German:
A reflexive verb is always accompanied by a reflexive pronoun - a word such as 'myself', 'yourself', 'himself'. Most reflexive verbs simply take the accusative pronouns: mich, dich, sich, uns, euch and sich.
Here is how they go with sich waschen ('to have a wash'):
| Person | Reflexive Pronoun | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ich | mich | Ich wasche mich. |
| du | dich | Du wäschst dich. |
| er/sie/es | sich | Er/sie/es wäscht sich. |
| wir | uns | Wir waschen uns. |
| ihr | euch | Ihr wascht euch. |
| Sie/sie | sich | Sie waschen sich. |
Reflexive verbs normally take the accusative pronoun. A change occurs only when you want to specify, for instance, what clothes you are putting on or what part of the body you are cleaning. Then the new item becomes the direct object of the sentence, and the reflexive pronoun - as the indirect object - takes the dative form.
This looks more complicated than it actually is. In practice this affects only the ich and du forms, as the accusative and dative pronouns are otherwise identical.
| Person | Accusative | Dative | Example with Dative |
|---|---|---|---|
| ich | mich | mir | Ich wasche mir die Haare. |
| du | dich | dir | Du wäschst dir die Haare. |
| er/sie/es | sich | sich | Er/sie/es wäscht sich die Haare. |
| wir | uns | uns | Wir waschen uns die Haare. |
| ihr | euch | euch | Ihr wascht euch die Haare. |
| Sie/sie | sich | sich | Sie waschen sich die Haare. |
When a reflexive verb is separable, the pronoun tends to follow the finite verb and the prefix goes to the end of the sentence or clause.
Note the following commonly used expressions involving reflexive verbs:
Which of these verbs are reflexive? Put a tick in the relevant box. The first one has been done for you.
Make complete sentences using the information given.
Example: er/sich entscheiden/für den Plan → Er entscheidet sich für den Plan.
Supply the reflexive pronoun in the dative.
Example: Er putzt die Nase. → Er putzt sich die Nase.
My morning routine. Translate the following sentences into German:
Test your understanding by answering these questions:
Building on Possessive Adjectives: You learned how to express ownership with mein, dein, sein, etc. Now combine them with reflexive verbs to describe your personal routines - "Ich wasche meine Hände" or "Ich ziehe mein neues Kleid an."
Prepare for Negatives: Learn how to say "I don't wash myself" or "He doesn't get dressed" using nicht and kein. Essential for expressing what you don't do in your daily routine!