What is the Dative Case?
The dative case is mainly used for the indirect object â a person or thing to whom or to which something is done.
In this sentence, "der Frau" (the woman) is the indirect object â she receives the book.
Changes in the Dative Case
In the dative case, the modifier (for example, the definite article like der, or the indefinite article like ein) changes. This applies to all genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter.
Important: In the plural, you also need to add -en or -n to the noun.
Endings in the Dative Case
Here is an overview of the dative forms for the most common modifiers:
| Modifier | Masculine der Mann |
Feminine die Frau |
Neuter das Kind |
Plural die GĂ€ste |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definite article | dem Mann | der Frau | dem Kind | den GĂ€sten |
| Indefinite article | einem Mann | einer Frau | einem Kind | â GĂ€sten |
| Negative article | keinem Mann | keiner Frau | keinem Kind | keinen GĂ€sten |
| Possessive | meinem Mann | deiner Frau | seinem Kind | unseren GĂ€sten |
Remember the pattern:
Verbs Requiring the Dative Case
You use the dative after a few verbs. The most important are:
đĄ Tip: Try to learn these verbs by heart â they always require the dative case for their objects!
The Dative After Prepositions
You also use the dative after certain prepositions. Here are the most common ones:
He's from Turkey.
Except for the Meiers, everybody is here.
I work for (the company) Meier.
He lives opposite the church.
I'll go by car.
After work, I'll go shopping.
I've been living here for a year.
That comes from the teacher.
We'll go to my girlfriend's.
⥠Common Contractions
Some prepositions are commonly contracted with the definite article dem or der:
More Than One Dative in a Sentence
Because the dative in German can be governed by the verb or by a preposition, it is not uncommon for it to appear more than once in a sentence or clause.
The Dative Case â Main Points
The dative case is mainly used for the indirect object in German. But it can also appear after:
- Certain verbs (helfen, danken, gehören, folgen)
- Certain prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu, auĂer, gegenĂŒber)
All endings for the modifier differ from the nominative:
Exercise 13.1 â Presents! Presents!
Maria has been on an exchange. On her last day she gives her guest family lots of presents. Write out what she gives to whom following the example.
Sie gibt der GroĂmutter eine Schachtel Pralinen.
Exercise 13.2 â Fill in the Endings
Fill in the correct endings after prepositions and verbs taking the dative case. Remember that some prepositions are contracted with the definite article (e.g. zum = zu dem).
â Wie komme ich zum FuĂballstadion?
Exercise 13.3 â Translation Exercises
Translate the following sentences into German. Remember to use the correct dative case!
Checklist â
Test your knowledge! Click each question to reveal the answer.
2. After certain verbs (helfen, danken, gehören, folgen)
3. After certain prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu, auĂer, gegenĂŒber)
âą Feminine: -er (der, einer, keiner, meiner)
âą Plural: -en (den, keinen, meinen) + -en/-n on the noun
â From Previous (Chapter 12)
The Accusative Case is used for direct objects â the thing being acted upon directly.
Now you've learned that the dative case is for indirect objects â the recipient of the action.
Example: "Ich gebe dem Mann den Apfel" â "den Apfel" (accusative) is what you give, "dem Mann" (dative) is who receives it.
â Coming Next (Chapter 14)
The Genitive Case â used to show possession or relationships between nouns.
You'll learn how to say "the man's car" or "the book's cover" using the genitive case.
Preview: das Auto des Mannes (the man's car)
đ Related Units
- Unit 15: For more information on pronouns in the dative case
- Unit 23: For dative endings in adjectives
- Unit 24: For more information on prepositions